Effects of slang language in the english language Essay

2.5 billion Text messages are sent per day Majority of people have been affected by â€Å"slang† language. This report describes and evaluates the reference of ‘slang’ being incorporated into the English language. Qualitative research in the form of a questionnaire has been used to conduct the research and gather the necessary information needed to compile this research report. With the research conducted, it was found that students are very keen and do not mind ‘slang’ being incorporated into the school syllabus and into the English language. With careful evaluation, it has been identified that ‘slang’ is used mostly by those who are too lazy to type and people who find it hard to remember the spelling of certain words. They also find it easier and quicker to write and type. further research can be conducted to find out how the Department of Education and English professionals think about ‘slang’ being part of the English language and ‘slang’ being used in schools as an acceptable language. The effects of ‘slang’ language on the English vocabulary? â€Å"Since texting became popular in the 1990’s, the underlying question is whether it is the texting language is advancing or ruining the English language† (Huang, 2008: para 8). Research on this topic has been conducted, on both the positives and negatives. 2.5 billion Text messages are sent per day Majority of people have been affected by â€Å"slang† language. â€Å"This new form of communication has become so prominent that some educators worry that it may be damaging learner’s literacy skills.† (Paul, 2010: para.1). Throughout the centuries, the English language has change from various types, like the Shakespearean English, the Elizabethan English; to the English the modern people of today now speak. â€Å"This structure allows people to write and receive messages faster.† (Puaze, 2011: para 1). The impact of the texting language has contributed drastically to the immense change and standards to the English language. The content and structures of a sentence has no grammar and substance and punctuation is just as bad. Many critics of the texting language have noted that an individual’s vocabulary lacks, as they cannot express what they want to say. The texting language lessons a person’s vocabulary. â€Å"It avoids the richness of the English language and instead it shrinks their vocabulary† (Hadden, 2012: para 3). Many learners who use â€Å"slang† language very frequently have problems in writing essays because of their limited vocabulary. Many teachers have noted the vast use of the â€Å"slang† language in homework activities and essay reports. Even the simplest words are misspelled. â€Å"Many say that the use of â€Å"slang† language is contributing to the evolution of the English language† (Bainto, 2010: para 5). People consider this language as creativity and word play. They consider it creating a universal language that everyone can communicate in. The English language can be complex at times and researchers believe that â€Å"slang† language helps people with their writing skills. In the end, the â€Å"slang† texting language is not necessarily a degradation of the English language; it’s more of â€Å"twerking† the English language. Learners of today are fluent speakers of this â€Å"slang† language when conversing with peers, their parents or even teachers but when it is time to focus on academics, they separate the language from their academic reports Research question and aims Research question What are the effects of ‘slang’ language on the English vocabulary? Research aims How does ‘slang’ language affect academic writing? Will it ever be acceptable in the English vocabulary? Does it weaken the English language? Methodology A questionnaire has been decided for data collection. It corresponds with the research question; what are the effects of ‘slang’ language on the English language? A questionnaire is time efficient for the respondents as the questionnaire has an equal amount of open-ended and close-ended questions. The open-ended questions are there to get a clear indication of how the respondents think towards the research question. The questionnaire will be distributed randomly to UJ students on a Friday, no specific race or sex is needed because the research question is aimed at the youth and students and they are the majority users of ‘slang’. There are no limitations to the questionnaire because University students need to be literate and there should be an easy understanding to the questions being asked. Major themes from findings Many participants have agreed that ‘slang’ should be incorporated into the English language as it is an everyday use of language. Even though ‘slang’ is not an academic language or a formal language, many in this time of day use the language even the elderly. Slang is mostly used to communicate via texting as it makes it simpler and quicker to say what is needed by using an abbreviated form of the word. Many other students have a problem with slang because they find it hard to remember the spelling of certain words during tests and assignments because of the constant use of the abbreviated words. They believe that slang weakens the English language but find it easier to use on a daily. From the findings of my data collection, majority of the questionnaire participants believe that yes, slang should be incorporated into the English language as it used by many people already. Analysis and interpretation of findings Having analysed the data, it has been found that many students are of preference of the ‘slang’ language for it makes means of communication easier and quicker for them. The findings also indicate that keen though learners are keen on the ‘slang’ language being incorporated in the English language, they feel that it weakens the English language and lessens their capacity to think more broadly and remember how to spell certain words during tests and exams. Even though it give the ability to think creatively as they are given the chance to play around and create new words. Even though ‘slang’ has not been incorporated into the English language, it is highly used by many people, especially the youth of today and some of the elderly. Conclusion Qualitative research was conducted in order to find the information that was needed to compile this research assignment. The main aim of this research was to unravel what the effects of ‘slang’ is on the English language. With thorough analysis, interpretation and analysis, it has been found that many students and respondents would prefer to have ‘slang’ language incorporated into the English language. Recommendations: with the findings, further research can be conducted to find out how the Department of Education and English professionals think about ‘slang’ being part of the English language and ‘slang’ being used in schools as an acceptable language. References 1. Bainto. MD, Esquejo. RM 2010-http://www.aldersgate-college.com/research/arts-sciences/education/slang-impact -on-spelling-proficiency-in-schools/ (Accessed†¦ 12/08/13) 2. Haddan. S. http://voices .yahoo.com/slang-killing-grammer-5049642.html (Accessed†¦ 12/08/13) 3. Haung. L 2008-http://ww.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/08/01/the-death-of-english.html (Accessed†¦ 12/08/13) 4. Paul. J. 2010 http://ww.huffingtonpost.com/paul-jury/5-ways-texting-is-striker-b-657309.html (Accessed†¦ 12/08/13) 5. Pause. J 2011http://oldmunicipallibrary.blogspot.com/2011/02/texting-and-its-effects-on-english.html (Accessed†¦ 12/08/2013) Appendices Introduction Your answers will enable us to receive views about ‘slang’ language on the English language. Your identity will be kept anonymous. The results to this survey will appear in our campus newspaper. Thank you. Questionnaire 1. When texting, do you text in full words or do you cut the words shorts? If so, why? 2. If answered yes above, how has this affected your spelling overall? 3. Do you text in abbreviated words to elder people and do they understand what you are saying? 4. Do they reply in the same way that you text them?

Are Sports Beneficial or Detrimental to Youth?

Are sports beneficial or detrimental to youth? Why and how? When and where? A lot of questions have been asked either by parents or by other people who are doing this type of research. Although the physical exercise provided by sports is essential, there are many other benefits both immediate and long-term. Some state that it gives children an opportunity to play Sports and interact with other children and form social bonds and relationships but along with that it is beneficial but from the research I looked at and my own opinion essay writer cheap, I feel that most children drop out or do not play because of lack of interest or other reasons.It is beneficial because it gives children an opportunity to play â€Å"Sports and interact with other children and form social bonds and relationships. It shows them a sense of teamwork and sportsmanship and allows them to gain respect towards others† (â€Å"American Academy†). It also gives them the chance to learn to manage succ ess and disappointment. â€Å"It also allows them to have fun and to get exercise. Sport gives children the opportunity to build confidence and self-esteem† (â€Å"Pediatrics for Parents†). They play sports for the following 6 reasons which have been proven in the following years of sports.The reasons are to have fun, to improve skills and learn new ones, to be with friends and make new ones, for the â€Å"excitement of competition, to succeed and win, and to exercise and be fit† (â€Å"Pediatrics for Parents†). According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, â€Å"somewhere between 16 and 33 percent of American children are obese† (â€Å"American Academy†). â€Å"But children who play sports are far more likely to maintain a healthy weight and avoid the many health risks that come with being overweight† (â€Å"Family Resource†).It is beneficial but from the research I looked at and my own opinion, I feel that most children drop out or do not play because of lack of interest or other reasons. Those â€Å"risks multiply when a person becomes obese early in life†, so it's important to get your child involved in sports early (â€Å"ARE Competitive†). Another way sports are beneficial to kids is that it teaches them how to set goals and work to achieve them. As the kid works harder at his craft, his results will improve and he'll learn the value and results of goals and hard work.Many children are naturally shy or averse to immersing themselves in unfamiliar social settings. Sports encourage kids to interact with their peers, and through that osmosis they learn different techniques and realities involved in making friends and dealing with adversity. A study done by America Sports Data Inc. found that, in youth organized sports, 69% of all parents want their children to play only one sport. If the child is between six and eight years old, 79% of those parents want their chil d to play only one sport. Of all the sports organization in 2004, 44% of the children stated they only wanted to play one sport† (â€Å"Why Are†). â€Å"To avoid burnout Children should wait until high school before specializing in a sport. There is no doubt that youth sports have become a huge force in society† (â€Å"Family Resource†). Some state that it gives children an opportunity to play Sports and interact with other children and form social bonds and relationships but from the research I looked at and my own opinion; I feel that most children drop out or do not play because of lack of interest or other reasons.Are sports beneficial or detrimental to youth? Why and how? When and where? A lot of questions have been asked either by parents or by other people who are doing this type of research. Although the physical exercise provided by sports is essential, there are many other benefits both immediate and long-term. So playing sports is beneficial to youth at an early age to start interacting in the social society, so it is not detrimental towards youths these days. Work Cited Pediatrics for Parents†; the effects of video games on children: what parents need to know? Douglas A. Gentle; June 2004, Web, 20 Mar. 2013 â€Å"American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Obesity in Children and Teens†; May 2008, Web, 20 Mar. 2013 â€Å"Why Are Sports Beneficial to Kids? † Aug 9, 2010 | By JeffErmann, Web, 20 Mar. 2013 â€Å"Family Resource: Problems in Youth Sports†, James White and Gerald Masterson, Ph. D. , Web, 20 Mar. 2013 â€Å"Are Competitive Sports Bad for Kids? † Mar 31, 2011 | By Rachel Nelson, Web, 20 Mar. , 2013

A Message to Garcia: Characteristics

â€Å"A message to Garcia. † Narrates characteristics of a competent and capable employee, represented by Rowan, which his mission to bring a message to general Garcia. This man is organized, attentive, cooperative, and able to act independently, it is good doing his hob and does not need to be constantly monitored. He is a person focused on results. If a job is assigned to him, he looks for himself how to do it crisp, accrued as soon as possible. He has a great confidence in himself and what he does, so it has no fear of being fired. He is a man that can be trusted to carry out any work from the simplest to the most complicated and important. Personal responsibility means recognizing that you are responsible for your life and the choices you make. It means that you realize that while other people and events have an impact on your life, these people and events don’t shape your life. When you accept personal responsibility for your life, You own up to the fact that how your react to people and events is what’s important . And you can choose how to react to every person you meet and everything that happens to you. The essay exhorts the reader to apply this attitude to his own life as an avenue to success. In other words if you take what you learned from the essay and put it to every day tasks, even down to the simplest thing you can be successful. It shows that you can handle a task. â€Å" when Rowan was given a task of finding Garcia and told to take a message to him he straightway took the letter and went on his way. † He did not ask questions about his mission he simple took the letter and headed out to accomplish the task assigned. Rowan the massager displayed many of the of the leadership traits. Like courage , dependability, decisiveness, in other words this man would make an excellent example of how a leader should be. This book is among the commandants reading list for marines to better them self and seek self-improvement. What I got from this book is that the author wanted people to read this book and in away be like Rowan, like how he took the message with out questions and successful delivered the message. But what I think is that if ever one took on a task with out question everyone will not always secede with what they heave been assigned to do. It is in a person nature to always ask questions in order to get it done the right way.

F D P Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

F D P - Coursework Example They realize it is a significant problem when their own citizens who are living in those countries or through media influence from those liberal countries start adopting such liberal ideologies. Terroristic actions therefore begin to stop the assimilation. It is possible for a country to love and hate United States at the same time. They may hate their liberalism but love other aspects like their economic power or military superiority. This proves to be a problem and especially when trying to curb transnational crime. This is because it is may destroy the positive image and relations between those countries and USA. This may fuel hatred further hence resulting to more terrorism against US. Transnational crime may be as a result of a weakened government. This is because of weakness in borderline patrol services hence illegal immigrants are able to enter the country and come to cause terroristic actions. It may also be due to lack of tight securities in airports and train or bus terminals hence providing a channel for transnational criminals like terrorists to enter the United States (Rollins et al.

Decolonization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Decolonization - Essay Example This implies that the colonizers were starting to view colonialism as a negative aspect because it led to violence and destruction of economies within the occupied countries. This is because the colonizers were after the raw materials and the riches in the colonies. In addition, the imperial nations could not make sacrifices that were mostly characterized with war in order to maintain colonies. In other instances, decolonization took place because the imperial nations had lost their military prestige, which was mostly lost during wars that the imperials lost. Moreover, there was increased need to liberate people in order to allow them to establish self-rule although this was accompanied by double crosses and bad deals as the colonizing nations attempted to continue holding the countries as colonies. The people themselves also wanted to acquire self-rule that could only be established if decolonization occurred first. These nations fought forcing the imperial nations to pull back. The se reasons among others led to decolonization. We show concern with the issue of decolonization because of one key reason. This is the historical perspective. Here, people can only understand why today’s world is as it is because of learning what happened in the past. Acquiring perspective on the previous occurrences as well as the effects of colonization helps the modern generations to comprehend why today’s world functions in the way it does as well as understand the beginning of modern relationships between nations.

How effective was Khrushchevs religious policy Essay

How effective was Khrushchevs religious policy - Essay Example x Church that offered support for the war effort; in return Stalin â€Å"promised them a new deal involving the return of some churches and other institutions, a limited right of publication, and the freeing of such religious personnel as had survived the terror of the 1930s and earlier† (Anderson 1994, p. 8). Consequently, the number of registered religious communities increased considerably after the war and within no time the influence of the church posed a great threat to the state’s autonomy. It was at this juncture that a full-scale persecution of religion began in the nation under the leadership of Khrushchev who became the undisputed leader of the party and government after Malenkov retired in 1959 (Pospielovsky 1998, p. 313). This paper seeks to make a probe into the religious policy of Khrushchev and how far his policies have been effective in attaining their goals. Khrushchev adorns the place of a radical reformer and liberalist in the history of Soviet Union; despite his anti-religious policies one can never undermine his initiatives to bring about a ‘considerable degree of liberalization in many other areas of Soviet life’ and there are many who think that his assault on religion stemmed from a ‘personal commitment to the building of a communist society within the foreseeable future’ (Anderson 1994, p. 7). For Chumachenko & Roslof (2002, p. 148), Khrushchev was in a way distancing himself from church problems until the end of the 1950s and that â€Å"issues of church policy originally did not have any fixed place in his grandiose plans for reconstructing and altering Soviet society†. However, Khrushchev later turned vehemently against the Russian church as he believed that the disappearance of religion was an essential prerequisite for the creation of a total communist society. As a liberalist, Khrushchev des cribed himself as an atheist and an advocate of the scientific world view; he held that â€Å"education, scientific knowledge and the study

Are you safe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Are you safe - Essay Example Basically, the crime is undertaken through the access of information such as Social Security Number, bank account or credit card number. Through the knowledge of such information a staggering effect on the life of the victim occur specifically the credit and finances (Department of Justice, 2006). The knowledge regarding the methods on the crime of stealing one's identity can be considered as of the most essential weapon. Protection of one's property, in the present time, does not limit the material possessions, but key information that can access valuable materials. Due to the fact that the present era can be considered the era of information, thus, the data gathered can be equated to monetary units (Federal Trade Commission, 2006). In the increasing prevalence of this type of crime, an overview both informative and descriptive in nature can be an important exploration to be able to contribute to the knowledge of the public and also for information dissemination. In this note, the objectives of the research that was undertaken is to achieve a baseline information on the cases of identity theft and the determination of the knowledge of the public regarding the crime that concern every members of the population. The issue regarding the crime that can affect every member of the population was studied in line with the opinions and the experiences of a sample population. The study was undertaken through the integration of the reaction of the population and the knowledge that they possess regarding the topic. Through the determination of the opinions of the representative of the population, primary data was gathered. A. Sampling Process The process of data gathering covers certain groups in the population. In this particular study a particular group of citizen was chosen to represent the public. This is done to be able to determine the primary reactions of the public in relation to the topic of interest. Opinions were gathered regarding the identity theft as a crime. This can measure the basic knowledge of the sample population regarding the issue along with their outlook on the issue. In the research conducted specifically, it was aimed to explore the knowledge regarding identity theft and the misuse of information. There are certain techniques that can be employed to be able to achieve the desired amount and quality of data. The sampling process can be undertaken in various ways. One type of sampling is the simple random sampling. This employs randomization process such as drawing the names of the possible respondents or through the use of random numbers to be able to determine the respondents for the survey. Another type is the stratified random sampling. In this method, the possible respondents are first divided into groups. Within each group simple random sampling are employed. Though the segregation of the population into groups the study can establish a background characterization sample space that can result to a more directed data gathering (Davis, 2002). Another is the proportionate sampling which is a sampling technique that requires the proportion of the stratified group that corresponds to that of the sample population. There are surveys that do not employ sampling process. The non-probability sampling is the type of survey that does not use

Aircraft safety and Human Factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aircraft safety and Human Factors - Essay Example Aviation is basically a combination of four ingredients, viz. Man, Machine, Medium and Mission-the four Ms.Sucessful integration of all the four culminates in a safe flight. Safety In aviation is achieved by implementation of in stringent measures at various levels-be the production, training or operations. Great emphasis is given towards production of aircraft. Innumerable test sorties are flown on prototypes before clearing them for production. Once came into the service, maintaince schedules are laid down at various stages to ensure trouble free flying. Similarly the crew operating the aircraft undergoes rigorous training to hone their flying skills. Great emphasis is given towards training of ground crew too, which encompasses all crew not flying but directly or indirectly associated with flying operations. Varios checks are instituted to monitor the health of aircraft and the knowledge of aircrews and ground crews. Despite so much concern and effort however, accidents do take place due to varied reasons and it has been found that the man behind the machine causes almost 80% of the accidents in aviation due to omissions or commissions. Why is it so Why does the same specie, that gas designed and mastered the machine and understood its intricacies, cause an accident due to an error How is the man weakest link among Four Ms These are the questions that need to be answered in the interest of flight safety. Human factors Human factors includes studies human capabilities, system analysis and design, process control and automation, skill acquisition, information processing and display, operator workload, and task-induced stress, human-computer interaction, environmental effects on performance, and accident prevention. Human factors is concerned with the cognitive and interpersonal skills required to manage the flight within an organized aviation system. Cognitive skills are the mental processes required for gaining and maintaining situational awareness, for solving problems and for taking decisions. Interpersonal skills include effective communications and good teamwork. Good interpersonal skills encourage the creation of synergy and the development of successful teamwork. Both cognitive and interpersonal skills are enhanced by a good emotional climate amongst the crew, but they are also easily degraded by stress, so management of the emotional climate and stress becomes and integral and important elem ent of good human factors. Human factors play significant roles in more accidents than do mechanical failures. Accordingly, crew resource Aircraft safety and Human Factors 4 Management and other human factors-related training are emphasized in most flight training. Human factors often place demands on the pilot that contrast with those of technology. Pilots must integrate skillful operation of an aircraft with subtle but powerful factors within themselves. (Frank& Harry 112) Flight Deck Management reports:(

The Effects of the governmental mandatory furlough policy on employees Essay

The Effects of the governmental mandatory furlough policy on employees in Michigan - Essay Example These policies additionally state that employees who are not subject to any collective bargaining contracts when being employed are also subject to abrupt dismissal from employment (Morris, 2005). However, the employees may lay claims against discrimination in their employment on civil rights grounds. Discrimination based on gender, race, age, disability or religions has been prohibited by the federal and state laws in America (Schoeni, 2010). These laws state that the employers may dismiss employees who violate the lawful discharge of their duties, refuse to violate a law in the course of their employment or as an exercise of the rights that have been conferred on them (Kingdon & Thurber, 2010). Furlough programs that are mandatory within the state of Michigan have been implemented for the purpose of addressing the budget shortfalls that have faced the city (Bureau of National Affairs, 2009). There are employers who are legible for the mandatory furlough programs from the government while others are ineligible (Morris, 2005). There are several disadvantages and advantages that the employees within the state of Michigan have encountered due to the mandatory furlough programs that the government has introduced. An employee may take any benefits that have been accorded to him without being interrupted by the days that have been set for mandatory furlough. In addition, their health and dental insurances are also unaffected by these mandatory days (Kingdon & Thurber, 2010). The employees within the state of Michigan are allowed to receive holiday pays under these mandatory programs as though they were performing their regular duties at the workplace (Bureau of National Affairs, 2009). The time that employees serve on mandatory furlough is considered as though they were on regular duty when their benefits under their life insurance schemes are being

Legal Thought Module Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legal Thought Module - Essay Example The problem however is that despite such inefficiencies, the construction of walls is still being witnessed and is increasingly becoming popular. These walls sit on the national boundaries but the things they are meant to cater for are decentralized, transnational and dispersed2. This explains why they have proved to be very inefficient when it comes to achieving their objectives. The ideology of globalization which is dominant in the world today advocates for a world without boundaries in order to give room for humanitarian interventionism, free markets, universal democracy and global governance. The continued construction of walls is however headed in the opposition direction but still hasn’t managed to deter the prosperity of globalization. This construction is only a simple of anachronism because the walls are unfashionable given the urge for cooperation and interdependence among states. In the current state of affairs where globalization reigns through disregarding the st ate boundaries, one wonders what is happening to sovereignty of nation states. State sovereignty is still existent as globalization hasn’t done away with it. In fact globalization cannot exist without the support of the states because it is reliant on states when it comes to matters like security and law enforcement. Bonnie Honig has also addressed this issue as she wonders whether democracy would still be existent in a world without countries, nations or citizenship3. This is a problem that is associated with globalization because solutions on how to deal with the problem of foreignness must be found for the ideology of globalization to be fruitful and... Globalization entails the increment in volume and velocity flow both within and across the borders. Ideas, people, goods, greenhouse gases, viruses, drugs, weapons, emails, dollars and good deals often traverse borders moving either way. They often challenge the fundamental principles of sovereignty like the ability to control what crosses the border in either direction. This explains why some nation states have taken to building walls and formulating strict immigration laws in order to check on these movements. Sovereign states often measure the intensity of their vulnerability through the forces that are beyond their control and there are many at that. With globalization, sovereignty is weakening and will continue to do so in order to have a safe haven that sovereignty can no longer guarantee in the current globalized world. It is no longer possible to build walls to keep away ideologies and people because this has already proven to be ineffective. Even keeping away foreigners and denying them some democratic rights will not yield the desired results. The way forward, therefore, is to adopt the new world order and come up with new ways of dealing with the current challenges. There is need to redefine the concept of sovereignty because nation states can no longer do things just for the sake of it even if they are harmful to the well being of the rest of us. For instance, when America realized that the Afghan Taliban government was supporting the Al-Qaeda, it reacted by removing it from power.

Arguments for and against euthanasia and assisted suicide Essay Example for Free

Arguments for and against euthanasia and assisted suicide Essay Arguments for and against euthanasia and assisted suicide There are arguments both for and against euthanasia and assisted suicide. Some of the main arguments are outlined below. You should be aware that these arguments do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of NHS Choices or the Department of Health. Arguments for euthanasia and assisted suicide There are two main types of argument used to support the practices of euthanasia and assisted suicide. They are the: ethical argument – that people should have freedom of choice, including the right to control their own body and life (as long as they do not abuse any other person’s rights), and that the state should not create laws that prevent people being able to choose when and how they die pragmatic argument – that euthanasia, particularly passive euthanasia, is already a widespread practice (allegedly), just not one that people are willing to admit to, so it is better to regulate euthanasia properly The pragmatic argument is discussed in more detail below. Pragmatic argument The pragmatic argument states that many of the practices used in end of life care are a type of euthanasia in all but name. For example, there is the practice of making a ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) order, where a person requests not to receive treatment if their heart stops beating or they stop breathing. Critics have argued that DNACPR is a type of passive euthanasia because a person is denied treatment that could potentially save their life. Another controversial practice is known as palliative sedation. This is where a person who is experiencing extreme suffering, for which there is no effective treatment, is put to sleep using sedative medication. For example, palliative sedation is often used to treat burns victims who are expected to die. While palliative sedation is not directly carried out for the purpose of ending lives, many of the sedatives used carry a risk of shortening a person’s lifespan. Therefore, it could be argued that palliative sedation is a type of active euthanasia. The pragmatic argument is that if euthanasia in these forms is being carried out anyway, society might as well legalise it and ensure that it is properly regulated. It should be stressed that the above interpretations of DNACPR  and palliative sedation are very controversial and are not accepted by most doctors, nurses and palliative care specialists. Read more about the alternatives to euthanasia for responses to these interpretations. Arguments against euthanasia and assisted suicide There are four main types of argument used by people who are against euthanasia and assisted suicide. They are known as the: religious argument – that these practices can never be justified for religious reasons, for example many people believe that only God has the right to end a human life ‘slippery slope’ argument – this is based on the concern that legalising euthanasia could lead to significant unintended changes in our healthcare system and society at large that we would later come to regret medical ethics argument – that asking doctors, nurses or any other healthcare professional to carry out euthanasia or assist in a suicide would be a violation of fundamental medical ethics alternative argument – that there is no reason for a person to suffer either mentally or physically because effective end of life treatments are available; therefore, euthanasia is not a valid treatment option but represents a failure on the part of the doctor involved in a person’s care These arguments are described in more detail below. Religious argument The most common religious argument is that human beings are the sacred creation of God, so human life is by extension sacred. Only God should choose when a human life ends, so committing an act of euthanasia or assisting in suicide is acting against the will of God and is sinful. This belief, or variations on it, is shared by members of the Christian, Jewish and Islamic faiths. The issue is more complex in Hinduism and Buddhism. Scholars from both faiths have argued that euthanasia and assisted suicides are ethically acceptable acts in some circumstances, but these views do not have universal support among Hindus and Buddhists. ‘Slippery slope’ argument The slippery slope argument is based on the idea that once a healthcare service, and by extension the government, starts killing its own citizens, a  line is crossed that should never have been crossed and a dangerous precedent has been set. The concern is that a society that allows voluntary euthanasia will gradually change its attitudes to include non-voluntary and then involuntary euthanasia. Also, legalised voluntary euthanasia could eventually lead to a wide range of unforeseen consequences, such as those described below. Very ill people who need constant care or people with severe disabilities may feel pressured to request euthanasia so that they are not a burden to their family. Legalising euthanasia may discourage research into palliative treatments, and possibly prevent cures for people with terminal illnesses being found. Occasionally, doctors may be mistaken about a person’s diagnosis and outlook, and the person may choose euthanasia due to being wrongly told that they have a terminal condition. Medical ethics argument The medical ethics argument, which is similar to the ‘slippery slope’ argument, states that legalising euthanasia would violate one of the most important medical ethics, which, in the words of the International Code of Medical Ethics, is: ‘A doctor must always bear in mind the obligation of preserving human life from conception’. Asking doctors to abandon their obligation to preserve human life could damage the doctor–patient relationship. Causing death on a regular basis could become a routine administrative task for doctors, leading to a lack of compassion when dealing with elderly, disabled or terminally ill people. In turn, people with complex health needs or severe disabilities could become distrustful of their doctor’s efforts and intentions. They may think that their doctor would rather ‘kill them off’ than take responsibility for a complex and demanding case. Alternative argument The alternative argument is that advances in palliative care and mental health treatment mean there is no reason why any person should ever feel that they are suffering intolerably, whether it is physical or mental suffering or both. According to this argument, if a person is given the right care, in the right environment, there should be no reason why they are unable to have a dignified and painless natural death. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=,o=0;o e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return studymoose.com},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf(http)==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

Evaluating Communication Strategies Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Communication Strategies Essay You are working as a human service worker at a local United Way agency that serves several multicultural clients. In addition to the multicultural aspect, the agency also serves children, women, the elderly, and the homeless. Your manager has asked you to decide the best communication approach for each of these clients. About the Clients In the human services profession it is becoming increasingly more important to know and understand the different cultures and their beliefs. When it comes to communicating effectively with people from different cultures, it can be of great help if you first understand the social and psychological forces that drive their verbal and non-verbal behavior. It is important to encompass skills like warmth, authenticity, empathy, permissiveness, and acceptance. Effective Strategies and Techniques Empathy refers to the ability to understand someone else’s point of view and ideas. When a client feels understood, and they think you are more understanding to their point of view, they are more likely to accept and listen to new ideas. Being genuine is the expression of true feelings. Being genuine can be of big usefulness to people in the human services industry. It is important to also be objective. Seeing things from an outside point of view can help the human services worker to be subjective. Self-awareness is the quality of knowing oneself. This can help to convey one’s values, feeling’s, attitudes, and beliefs. Acceptance is an important tool because it shows the clients you believe their beliefs are worthy of consideration. Multi-Cultural Awareness When working in the human services industry it is important to have  awareness of other cultures and their practices. Clients will be more accepting of good or bad news if they feel like they are at least being understood, and being treated fairly. Culture shapes a person’s life from their beliefs and values, to their preferences and attitudes. Understanding a person’s cultural background and beliefs can help you to more effectively communicate the what, why’s, and how’s of thing’s work. It can help you to better communicate what can and cannot be done to help them in their given circumstances.

Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics The paper examines, explain clearly, rigorously the term entropy, then discuss and evaluate its meaning in the context of the second law of thermodynamics. Also It will give a historical overview of the term entropy and it will give some examples which are taken from the daily life and with these, I will try to explain clearly the term entropy and its intention not only in the context of the second law and also its results in our daily life. 2. Introduction (Appendices A.) The term entropy has some related definitions. The first definition used by the German physicist Rodolf Julius Clausius in the 1850s and 1860s, he did that to state the second law of thermodynamics. The word entropy has been taken from the Greek word Ï„Ï ÃŽ ¿Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ · which means transformation. Also just as the first law of thermodynamics leads to the definition of energy as a property of a system, so the second law, in the form of Clausius inequality, leads to the definition of a new property of fundamental importance. This property is entropy. In the 1870s the term entropy is given by J. Willard Gibbs. The meaning of what he says is that the entropy shows the uncertainly about the state of a system. The latter can be defining from the probability distribution of its micro-states which demostrates, all molecular details about the system such as the position and the velocity of every molecule. If Pi is the possibility of a micro-state i, then the entropy of the system can be ex pressed by S = -k ÃŽ £ Pi ln Pi Where k is the Boltzmann constant equal to 1.38062 x10^(−23) joule/kelvin. Another definition, is the statistical definition developed by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1870s. This definition, describes the entropy as a measure of the number of possible microscopic configurations of the individual atoms, and molecules of the system; which would give rise to the observed macroscopic state of the system. In statistical thermodynamics, Boltzmanns equation, is a possibility equation relating the Entropy S of an ideal gas to quantity W, which is the number of micro-states corresponding to a given macro-state: S = k log W Where k is Boltzmanns equal to 1.38062 x10^ (−23) joule/kelvin. Boltzmann has proved that the entropy of a given state of thermodynamic al system is connected by a simple relationship to the probability of the state. According to M. Kostic(2004): Entropy is an integral measure of (random) thermal energy redistribution (due to heat transfer or irreversible heat generation) within a system mass and/or space (during system expansion), per absolute temperature level. Entropy is increasing from perfectly-ordered (singular and unique) crystalline structure at zero absolute temperature (zero reference) during reversible heating (entropy transfer) and entropy generation during irreversible energy conversion (lost of work-potential to thermal energy), i.e. energy degradation or random equip-partition within system material structure and space per absolute temperature level. 3. Entropy measures the disorder in a system (Appendices B.) Therefore, metaphorically if a small bookshelf getting disorganized, it will be increasing the entropy of the bookshelf. Because, when the bookshelf is properly organized, finding a book is predictable and easy because all books are in a nice order. As the bookshelf is getting disorganized, the chance of not finding a book increasing, as a result is much higher. So that, when a bookshelf, a room a house are organized and they are moved from being organized to being disorganized, they generate Entropy. Also, liquids have higher entropy than crystals intuitively because their atomic positions are less orderly. Calculating the entropy of mixing illustrates this interpretation. An example is with scrambling eggs because when we mix the yolk and the white we cannot re-separate after. An example from this situation are given in figures 1.1 and 1,2. V V 2V Fig. 1.1 Unmixed atoms. The premixed Fig. 1.2 Mixed atoms. The mixed state: N/2 state: N/2 white atoms on one side, N/2 mixed atoms and N/2 black atoms scattered black atoms on the other. Through the volume, 2V. Fig. 1.1 There are N/2 undistinguished ideal gas white atoms on one side and N/2 undistinguished gas black atoms on the other side. As a result, the entropy of this system: Sunmixed = 2kB log[V N/2/(N/2)] Twice the configurational entropy of N/2 undistinguished atoms in a volume V. We assume that the black and white atoms have the same masses and the same total energy. Now the entropy change when the partition is removed, as a result from the scrambling and the two sets of atoms allowed mixing. Because, the temperatures and pressures from the both sides are equal and when the partition removing does not involve any heat transfer, and the entropy change to the mixing of the white and black atoms. In desegregated state, the entropy has increased to Smixed = 2kB log[(2V )N/2/(N/2)] and it is: ΔSmixing = Smixed − Sunmixed = =2kB log[[V^N/2/(N/2)] / [(2V)^N/2/(N/2)] = =kB log 2N = NkB log 2 So that, it gain kB log 2 in entropy every time we place an atom into one of the boxes. James P. Sethna (2006) Furthermore, we can give another example which shows us that entropy measures the disorder in a system: Which is more disorder? The glass of ice chips or the glass of water? For a glass of water, the number of molecules is astronomical. The ice chips probable look more disorder when we compare to the glass of water which looks uniform. However, according to thermodynamics the ice chips place limits on the number of ways the molecules can be arranged. The water molecules in the glass can be arranged in many more ways; as a result, they have grater multiplicity and therefore greater entropy. 4. Entropy measures our ignorance in a system The most general is to measure our ignorance about a system. The equilibrium state of a system, maximizes the entropy because, we have lost all information about the initial conditions, as a result, the entropy maximizing immediately maximises and our ignorance about the details of the system. 5. Entropy measures the multiplicity of a system The probability of finding a system in a given state depends upon the multiplicity of that state. As a result it is proportional to the number of ways someone can produce that state. Here, it is a pair of dices, and in throwing this pair, that measurable property is the sum of the number of dots which are facing on the top. The multiplicity for two dots showing is just one because there is only one case of the pair that will give that state. For example, the multiplicity for seven dots is six, because there is six cases of the pair that will show a total of seven dots. Probable one way to define the quantity entropy is to do it in terms of the multiplicity. Multiplicity = W Entropy = k lnW Where K is Boltzmanns constant. For a system, of a large number of particles. We can expect that the system at equilibrium will be found in the state of highest multiplicity since the fluctuations from that the state will usually be extremely small to measure. As a result, as a large system approaches equilibrium, its multiplicity therefore, entropy tends obviously to increase. This is one way of stating the Second Law of Thermodynamic. 6. The Second Law of Thermodynamics (Appendices C.) The second law of thermodynamics states that heat flows always from the warmer to colder bodies and never opposite. This is a common experience which everyone has seen and probably every day we have a case of those. For example, whenever we leave a cup of warm coffee it will become cool in 10 minutes. The special point of this process is that by the end of years can never become backward. It has just one direction as time passes. Indeed, through our everyday experience know that when contacting a hot and a cold body will be transferred heat from the hot to the cold body, so the hot body will be a little cooler and the cold body the opposite will be a little bit hotter. However, it is never possible as the time passes and the two bodies are in contact the cold body to be colder and the hot body to be hotter, for example, if we put an ice-cube into our drink, the drink does not boil. Therefore, it is only one direction in the flow heat which if we displaced it with a line, then this li ne will show everything from the past to now and to future. The second law of thermodynamics states that heat cannot be transferred from a colder to a hotter body within a system net changes occurring in other bodies within that system, in any irreversible process, entropy always increases. In nowadays, it is customary to use the term entropy in conjunction with the second law of thermodynamic. Consequently the entropy indicates the unavailable energy of a system, according to the law the entropy of a closed system can never reduce. Another form of the second law thermodynamic says that the minimum amount of heat which exchange a system during a change, which takes place at constant temperature T, associated with a change which is called entropy, with the equation: dQ=

Symbolism,Characterization, and Faith in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brow

Symbolism,Characterization, and Faith in   Young Goodman Brown      Ã‚   Faith is believing what you can’t see or touch. Faith is knowing something especially when there is no proof to back it up. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a story about a man who leaves his wife, Faith, home alone for a night while he journeys with the devil down the road of temptation. During the course of his journey, the man sees many people who seem out of place, including his wife. When he returns home to Salem, he is a changed man. In this story, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism and characterization in order to imply that when an individual loses faith in the goodness of mankind, that individual may conclude that mankind (including friends and family) has given in to temptation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hawthorne uses symbolism to imply that when individuals lose their faith in the goodness of mankind, they may begin to imagine that their peers have yielded to temptation. The character of Faith is Goodman Brown's spouse, but she is also a symbol of his faith in mankind. Brown's relationship with Faith changes as the story progresses, from tender and caring love to judgmental scorn. Brown's thoughts about Faith as he leaves on his journey are: "Poor little Faith...she's a blessed angel on earth;... ...ith in humanity and starts imagining that all his peers are guilty of sin. Is mankind unworthy of our faith? No. Faith in the goodness of mankind is a belief in something for which there is proof.    Works Cited and Consulted: Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Complete Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Doubleday and Co., Inc.,1959.    Leavis, Q.D. â€Å"Hawthorne as Poet.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.

Norway and Its Climate Changes Essay -- Global Warming Essays

Climate change is a major global issue and is a pressing issue in Norway as well. The country has ratified the Kyoto Protocol and signed on to other treaties regarding the state of the earth. Similar to its history, current climate changes may have adverse effects on the culture and economy of Norway. Two significant climate change issues in Norway are carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and the warming of the Arctic Ocean; both have important impacts on both Norway and the world. Climate change is not a new phenomenon for Norwegians. Some historians believe that slightly over two thousand years ago the climate in Norway drastically changed from tropical conditions to frigid conditions, slightly more extreme than there is today (Larsen 15). This climate change had many effects on Norwegians, such as settling down and also changing the way they found their food. Since the climate became too cold for the agriculture they were used to, Norwegians shifted their focus to hunting and fishing. This change in climate had a drastic effect on early Norwegian culture. Two thousand years later Norwegians are still facing climate change. However, this type of climate change is much different and more man-made than the previous. In the year 2004 the world is facing a climate change problem and international policies are required to help remedy this problem. Norway has been one of the most complacent countries in the world in regards to its environmental policies and its efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions. In January of 1991, Norway introduced a CO 2 tax to try to reduce CO 2 emissions. There are several taxes in place such as: twenty dollars per barrel of oil, thirteen cents per liter of gasoline, and sixty-four dollars per ton of coal1... ...te ten millennia ago and the warming of the climate today: today scientists have reason to believe that global warming is the result of excessive emissions of damaging gases into the ozone whereas there is not a lot of evidence suggesting the earlier warming was human-induced (O'Riordan 80). â€Å"Think globally, act locally,† is a widely-used phrased when discussing global environmentalism. Norway has been doing its best as a country to take local action in order to try to decrease ozone pollution and increase sustainable practices. Norway has shown its leadership with its initiatives to improve its CO 2 emissions and its work with ACIA to identify current Arctic climate change problems and try to develop solutions. Only time will tell how Norway ’s climate will change and what affect that will have on global climate change and international environmental policies. Norway and Its Climate Changes Essay -- Global Warming Essays Climate change is a major global issue and is a pressing issue in Norway as well. The country has ratified the Kyoto Protocol and signed on to other treaties regarding the state of the earth. Similar to its history, current climate changes may have adverse effects on the culture and economy of Norway. Two significant climate change issues in Norway are carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and the warming of the Arctic Ocean; both have important impacts on both Norway and the world. Climate change is not a new phenomenon for Norwegians. Some historians believe that slightly over two thousand years ago the climate in Norway drastically changed from tropical conditions to frigid conditions, slightly more extreme than there is today (Larsen 15). This climate change had many effects on Norwegians, such as settling down and also changing the way they found their food. Since the climate became too cold for the agriculture they were used to, Norwegians shifted their focus to hunting and fishing. This change in climate had a drastic effect on early Norwegian culture. Two thousand years later Norwegians are still facing climate change. However, this type of climate change is much different and more man-made than the previous. In the year 2004 the world is facing a climate change problem and international policies are required to help remedy this problem. Norway has been one of the most complacent countries in the world in regards to its environmental policies and its efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions. In January of 1991, Norway introduced a CO 2 tax to try to reduce CO 2 emissions. There are several taxes in place such as: twenty dollars per barrel of oil, thirteen cents per liter of gasoline, and sixty-four dollars per ton of coal1... ...te ten millennia ago and the warming of the climate today: today scientists have reason to believe that global warming is the result of excessive emissions of damaging gases into the ozone whereas there is not a lot of evidence suggesting the earlier warming was human-induced (O'Riordan 80). â€Å"Think globally, act locally,† is a widely-used phrased when discussing global environmentalism. Norway has been doing its best as a country to take local action in order to try to decrease ozone pollution and increase sustainable practices. Norway has shown its leadership with its initiatives to improve its CO 2 emissions and its work with ACIA to identify current Arctic climate change problems and try to develop solutions. Only time will tell how Norway ’s climate will change and what affect that will have on global climate change and international environmental policies.

The Impact of the Scientific Revolution Essay -- Essays Papers

The Impact of the Scientific Revolution Science began soon after the Birth of Civilization. Man had already learned to tame animals and grow plants. To shape materials like clay and metals to his purposes and even to heal his bodily ailments. We do not know why he did these things because his magic and reasoning are concealed. Only with the second millennium B.C have we learned that there were three elements in man’s attitude to nature, which impacted the growth of the scientific revolution: empirical practice, magic and rational thinking. These same three elements continued to exist in science for many thousand years, until the scientific revolution took place in the 16th through the 18th centuries. Reason, in conjunction with observation and experiment, slowly robbed magic of its power, and was better able to anticipate and absorb the chance discoveries of inventors. The Scientific Revolution was the new era of scientific beliefs. There is a misconception of the term revolution because revolution means that it was a rapid process. The scientific revolution however was not a rapid process and involved several scientists throughout a wide array of time. Since 1800, one of accomplishment. The history of the scientific revolution was concluded by the early years of the nineteenth century. The Italian Renaissance began in the early 1500’s. Scholars, mathematicians, physicians everywhere measured their own attainments by Italian standards; The Italian universities, and the Italian printing house. During the 1500’s, people believed that science and thought were important but once they studied this concept. They never discussed it again. By the 1600’s and 1700’s, secure thoughts of science and religion became contradictory. Scie... ...s was a rapid process. The scientific revolution however was not a rapid process and involved several scientists throughout a wide array of time. Three of the most important scientists of this era were Tycho Brahe, Galileo, and Isaac Newton. Discoveries in space, computer technology and medicine have reached incredible heights. People are living much longer with a better quality of life because of transplants and operations with laser technology. DNA research has greatly advanced and is used in many facets of biology and crime prevention. Bibliography: Hall A.R. The Scientific Revolution 1500-1800, The Formation of the Modern Scientific Attitude. Boston: Beacon Press, 1956 Haskins, Caryl. The Scientific Revolution and World Politics. New York 1964 Elbers, Gerald, and Paul Duncan. The Scientific Revolution: Challenge and Promise.Washington, D.C. 1959

Homeless in Cincinnati

Contemporary ProblemsI have selected homelessness for this paper. The homeless in Cincinnati is a large job and there are many persons and organisations out at that place contending to eliminate this job in Cincinnati. One of the organisations making this is called StreetVibe. The people that work for StreetVibe are current homeless and/or former homeless persons. They contribute to the web site and newssheet by composing poesy, articles, and other types of artistic points to educate people on the homeless state of affairs in Cincinnati. This organisation provides exigency shelter, soup kitchens, medical services, lasting lodging, societal services and transitional life installations. They look for members of the community such as local companies to fall in the battle here against homelessness. Harmonizing to the article, Homeless in Cincinnati: A Study of the Causes and Conditions of Homelessness, one of the biggest challenges today is the medical status of those persons who find themselves stateless. These persons do non hold even basic health care, nor can they afford health care. Without this many everyday medical jobs can non be diagnosed or treated. The article besides discusses two grounds why homelessness is a go oning job ; drug maltreatment plays against an single seeking to acquire off the streets. They can non give up the substance maltreatment and keep a occupation, household, and other duties. Another issue that contributes to the issue of homelessness is the shutting of mental wellness installations. These persons may non hold medical resources to go on their intervention and stop up on the streets due to miss of aid in happening lodging, a occupation, etc. One of the biggest challenges confronting Cincinnati is holding an accurate history of how many stateless people there are. The people who live in the street are largely unseeable and unless sing a soup kitchen or shelter the true Numberss can non be figured. Too frequently these persons live on hillsides, under Bridgess, along the river and are really hard to acquire in touch with ( Burdell, 2001 ) . Harmonizing to the Greater Cincinnati Coalition for the Homeless, 25 per centum of the homeless in the metropolis are kids, 45 per centum are kids under 5. It is interesting to observe that 68.5 per centum of all the homeless in Cincinnati are Afro-american. It ‘s besides interesting to observe that of all the homeless in Cincinnati, 30 per centum are alcohol maltreaters and 31.5 per centum are substance maltreaters while 31 per centum suffer from some signifier of mental unwellness. This makes the occupation of human service workers really hard as these people are close and difficult to acquire to cognize every bit good as the trouble of happening them on the streets to give them assistance. Many garbage aid or are really disdainful and do non desire aid. One of the organisations in Cincinnati that assists the homeless is The Salvation Army. In 2008, The Salvation Army provided impermanent lodging for over 6,800 people. This lodging includes shelters, grownup day care installations, transitional life agreements and helping with rent and public-service corporations. One of the challenges at this clip are the figure of homeless. With the downswing in the economic system, there are more households that need aid which is seting a strain on these types of services. Presently in Cincinnati besides the Red Kettle plan, there are Adopt-A-Family and the Toy Shop plan. These plans provide are for the populace or companies to supply a household with gifts and nutrient for the vacations. The Toy Shop plan provides kids with new playthings for Christmas. Another organisation in Cincinnati that assists with homelessness is Goodwill. Goodwill ‘s biggest are of aid is in contributions of vesture, family points, autos and trucks to assist people acquire back and Forth to work or to medical attention visits. Goodwill besides provide many other services such as vocational services for preparation, reding and employment services and many other services to help veterans, kids and adult females. The lodging plan that Goodwill provides includes aid with rent, security sedimentations, furniture, public-service corporations and other points that are required for the homeless to acquire off the streets and go independent. Cincinnati has legion organisations to help the homeless, the bureaus discussed supra are the largest bureaus that provide many services, in many countries to the people of Cincinnati. These organisations provide a valuable service that provides much needed aid to the metropolis ‘s homeless. Without these organisations, the homeless in Cincinnati would hold nowhere to turn for aid with lodging, repasts, occupations, vesture and many other points.MentionsApplied Information Resources, Inc. ( 2001 ) . Homeless in Cincinnati: A Study of the Causes and Conditions of Homelessness. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cincihomeless.org/content/downloads/GCCH_HomelessInCincinnati.pdf Savage, C. , Lindsell, C. , Gillespie, G. , Lee, R. , & A ; Corbin, A. ( 2008 ) . Bettering wellness position of homeless patients at a nurse-managed clinic in the Midwest USA. Health & A ; Social Care in the Community. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from EBSCOhost: hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ehost/detail? vid=3 & A ; hid=2 & A ; sid=514bc4fe-bd2f-4acd-90b4-90deafd349a1 % 40sessionmgr110 & A ; bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ % 3d % 3d # db=a9h & A ; AN=34138045 # db=a9h & A ; AN=34138045 # db=a9h & A ; AN=34138045 The Greater Cincinnati Coalition For The Homeless, ( n.d. ) . Homeless Statitists. Retreived from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cincihomeless.org/content/hfacts.html, on December 3, 2009. The Salvation Army. ( n.d. ) .Facts and figures.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.use.salvationarmy.org/use/www_use_cincinnati.nsf/vw-text-dynamic-arrays/C840FE6A7522E69D85257478006596FB? openDocument, on December 4, 2009.

Business memo for “I Won’t Hire People Who Use Poor Grammar. Here’s Way,” Essay

After reading Kyle Wiens’ recent article, â€Å"I Won’t Hire People Who Use Poor Grammar. Here’s Way,† in July, 2012 issue of Harvard Business Review, I would like to make some recommendations about whether or not to add grammar testing to ABC Company’s hiring practice to improve ABC Company’s hiring standards. In Kyle’ article, he writes people who make grammar mistakes â€Å"deserve to be passed over for a job† and he puts a mandatory grammar test in hiring process. To better assess a grammar test to be a must in hiring people, Kyle emphasized the importance of grammar by giving the following reasons: 1. Grammar is relevant in all companies, not only limited to writing companies. 2. Grammar signifies people’s business sense 3. Grammar reflects one’s attention to details From the reasons showed by Kyle, grammar is really important in business. Not only does it leave the first impression of a company on the mass, but also it shows an employee’s sense to details. With the development of modern society, the competition among companies is more and more fierce. One detail could help a company to differentiate from others and make profits. To adapt to the intense competition, companies needs to recruit those who are qualified in skills and in details. The current hiring practice in ABC Company is limited in identifying person’s character on details. Grammar testing could be a litmus test that helps justify whether a person is detail-oriented to be qualified for the job. As Kyle mentions, â€Å"†¦details are everything†, I would recommend the ABC Company  to add grammar testing in hiring practices to better hiring more both skill-qualified and detailed-oriented people.

Intergrated marketing communications

The main form of research for my assignment will be through the library and Internet. I will do research into companies that are based out there as Motorola companies will produce company reports, which can be found either on the Internet or in libraries. This section provides a detailed account of the research undertaken to complete this assignment and further, goes on to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of each particular method. It is used to give support of the benefits thought to be associated with each research method. With my knowledge of the Chinese markets mixed in as well, I will hopefully Produce assignment that will be unbiased and concise. Executive Summary As the number one of the foreign export-import electronic company in China, was in unique position, Motorola has established a strong infrastructure and developed powerful relationships in China. As the China become more open and developed today, all the world organisations are likely to build their business in China. As the first telecommunication company who is entry in their business in China, Motorola has successfully earned Chinese market, how does this communication skills as they used, this is the main topic of this assignments. 1) China market environment For the BBC news reports: the US businesses community see the world's most populous country as potentially their most profitable market, and the US interests hope an open Chinese market could help pull the economy out of its present slump. Why is that? Thought it took 10 years to build a mobile user base of 10 million in China, the number of subscribers increased from 10 million to 100 million in less than four years. Currently, China mobile telecommunication market is nothing short of Stellar – no other market in the world is adding 5 million mobile subscribes a month (2001) to their customer base. China's mobile communications market, with over 120 million user by mid-2001, has over taken the US to become the largest mobile phone market in the world. China is already the largest market for cellular phones in the world and expected to be the second largest PC market in the world. China is become the second largest telecommunication market by the end the 2003. 1.2) Economic environment — special economic zones in China China now is the biggest consumer market in the world, China have thirteen Special economic zones (SEZ), especially designed for the foreign and private owned investors. The first in Shenzhen in the province of Guangdong in 1979, since then, three further SEZS have been established in south China: Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou in Guangdong, at Xiameng in province of Fujian. After 1984, China making the condition more comfortable for the foreign investment, and in 1998, Hainan Island acquired SEZ status at the same time as being promoted to being autonomous province. The SEZ are able to accept foreign investment in virtually any area of economic activity of interest to China, including all the service and production area. Since 1990, foreigners are now to engage in land development, and to install electric power and telephone service to operate utilities in one of the designated investments zones. All the technologies investments are reduced of taxation. The all of 13 SEZ zones include Dalian, Fujian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Hainan, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shanghai, Shantou, Tianjing, Xiamei, Zhandjiagang, and Shenzhen. Preferential administrative producedures and tax incentives would be available for the foreign investors with in economic zones. 1.3) China mobile market information Before we justified Motorola's marketing communications plan, we need look at what kind of market do we stay in at? What is in here? As this assignment's topic is Motorola PLC (China), So we need look at what is China mobile market current situation. As by report, China mobile communication market is developing rapidly. The number of mobile phone subscribers in China increased from 6.85 million in 1996 to 85.26 million in 2000. The year 2000 saw an additional increase of by 41.97 million, exceeding the number of new subscribers of fixed phone networks for the first time of history. From 1996 to the end of 2000, the average annual rate growth rate of mobile phone subscribes remained 95%. By the end of 2000, the population of the mobile phone hold reached 6.7%, it is estimated that the total number of mobile phone subscribers in China will reach 250 million in 2005. So that took 10 years to build a mobile user base of 10 million in China, the number of subscribers increased from 10 million to 100 million in less than four years. Wow, that is how cheerful news for the each company who want doing their business in Chinese market. 2) Organisation—Motorola (China) For the topic above that, I choose Motorola Company in China as my selected company. Motorola inc, the world's leading company in offering integrated communications and imbedded electronics solutions, was set up in 1928, beginning from marking rectifier and motor radio, Motorola grow up in 1940s and 1950s, gradually became a transactional company in 1960s from when it began to develop its overseas market. Now, Motorola has over 110,000 employees around the world. Its operations cover wireless communication, semiconductor, automobile electronic, broad brand, Internet and Internet access products. Motorola is the leader in mobile phone, paging, two-way radio, and commercial GSM and CDMA. In 2001, the company has scored a total sales volume of US $30 billion. Motorola Company established its branch in Beijing in 1987 and registered in Tianjin Motorola semi-conductor and car appliances. In 1992, Motorola has set up Motorola (China) electronics LTD. In Tianjin has begun to produce beep-pager, mobile phone, two-way radio, wireless communication facilities, semiconductor, automobile electronics etc. Motorola is the largest foreign investor in China. Over the past 15 years, company has invested 28.5 billion Yuan ($3.4 billion, about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.7 billion). Motorola (China) has consisted of 1 owned factory, 1 holding company, 8 R&D facilities and 26 sales offices. Motorola china employs total revenue for 2002 reached 47 billion Yuan ($5.7 billion, about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.85 billion), up to 16 % from when was ($3.6 billion, about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.8 billion) one of the largest exports in China. Motorola entered China at a prime time when mobile communication novel idea and no one was selling. As a result, the company enjoy success in selling its pager as tens millions of Chinese wanted convenience and symbol of social status (this is Chinese momentum and a strong emphasis on design and marketing, Motorola hold the largest market share in China, about 28%, as its brand is with best in quality, features and form factor. In 2001, Motorola Company with a total sales volume of $4.9 billion in China entered into a 1.44 billion dollars network construction and expansion contract with suppliers like China telecom and Unicom. The company has a staff about 15,000 in China. Motorola is the number one provider of micro controller products, which more than 18 percent of the global market. Motorola Company has been first in its market share in China in three consecutive years. According to the 500 strongest foreign-invested companies in China, in place of Shanghai Volkswagen, which it has kept title in nine years. Over the years, Motorola has developed a unique strategy for the emphasizing technology transfer, continuing investment and association cultures. The company has invested all its profits from china back gradually localized its China operations (nearly all Motorola China company's Chinese, 75% of managers). At present, Motorola with eight co-invested companies in China is actively implementing various co-operation projects in the fields of new and hi-tech technology research and developments with famous universities, scientific research institutions and enterprise in China. Motorola is a major supplier of mobile communication equipment which including mobile switches, base stations and handsets for GSM and company is one of the few companies that can offer complete CDM (infrastructure and handsets). Until now, Motorola (China) has made up to 64 million (RMB) donations to China hope project, tertiary education, flood salvation and western development. The company has launched brand all of the China, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Zhejiang, Hunan, Tianjing, Suzhou, Hainan, etc. Anywhere have mobile user there is a Motorola. 3) Motorola China mission statement Vision – To be the standard against which others are measured Mission – To make aspiration quality accessible to all Values – Quality value, service, innovation and trust Motorola is China to stay and grow. Motorola has to date invested US $34.5 billion in china and employs 13,000 people on the Chinese mainland. It is the big foreign investor industry and it is one of the biggest American investors in the Chinese market. Motorola's relationship with Chinese government officials is continuing. Incapacity neighbour Beijing, manufacturing pagers, mobile phones, semiconductors and other wireless communications equipment. In April 1998, it moved its north Asian office from Hong Kong to Beijing. Comparing to other foreign competitors, Motorola have a long-term vision in the Chinese market. Motorola entered China in 1987 and registered in 1992 a company in Tianjin, a mu For us to fully understand the recent success of a greatest China â€Å"institution†, and how they can build upon its success, we must first examine the infrastructure of the company itself. 4) Model for Integrated Marketing Communication Integrated Marketing Communication is more than the coordination of a company's outgoing message between different media and the consistency of the message throughout. It is an aggressive marketing plan that captures and uses an extensive amount of customer information in setting and tracking marketing strategy. Steps in an Integrated Marketing system are: 1.Customer Database an essential element to implementing Integrated Marketing that helps to segment and analyse customer-buying habits. 2.Strategies Insight from analysis of customer data is used to shape marketing, sales, and communications strategies. 3.Tactics Once the basic strategy is determined the appropriate marketing tactics can be specified which best targets the specific markets. 4.Evaluate Results Customer responses and new information about buying habits are collected and analysed to determine the effectiveness of the strategy and tactics. 5.Complete the loop. 5) Customer target of Motorola China As the Motorola has wide range of mobile products, the vary of products designed as different of user group. For the Motorola (China), I selected four diverse of target marketing groups that are: fashion user; heavy user, social life lover user and high technology user. * Fashion user Most of young generation and between age 20-40, who loves to carry the new design and functional mobile phones, and change their mobile phone frequently. They more care about their appearance of mobile phones such as size, colour and diversified functions. The advertisement for this group should trend these side of behaviour. However, the product targeting of these group are only a short life cycle, the company should to contours move forward their product design, to lead the mobile market fashion. * Heavy user Normally they are successful businessman and woman, professionals and private company owner, are aged which above 30 years old, with a higher incomer. The people in this group as show in mobile as their necessary tools for their business or jobs, not kind of fashion staff. They always are early holders of mobiles phones, for them, it is good to stick with one brand, not always change, because they don't seems to have a time to use new manure. Therefore, for this group need have much high quality of the product and faultless customer service, also this group is much loyal in certain brands compare with other group, so it is very important to reach this group's customer. * Social life lover user This group might not that rich, but they are very active, enjoys pup, restaurant, nightclub all those kind of staff. They like to make friends and more care about their families. A mobile phone is the best tools for them to communicate with other and keeping in touch. They may not enjoy getting a very attractive appearance or very complicate functional mobile phones; the people in this group are much sensitive to the price of the phone than other groups, because they normally do not have very higher income and only got average salary. They normally are patient to wait about sales promotions in order to get good price with good deals. For this target of view, the profit margin of mobile phones targeting for this group are focused on lower price. However, with the increasing number of the mobile phones holder, this group's people are quickly growth and make more contribution to the growth of the market size. So, we cannot disregard the exist of this group. * Technology user This group's customer are normally male, high educated, the age of them are between 25-50. They are very interested to try advanced technology, and always seek new mobile phones with innovative technology and wide functions. Customers in this group are more likely try some new accessories connecting to the mobile phones and other personal digital equipment, such as ‘Is this mobile phone are good to connect to the laptop or Internet or is this mobile phone have a good camera'? 6) Promotion methods – Cross promotion Sometimes the cross-promotions that happen between different industries work so well. One company actually buys the expertise of the other and opens an outlet incorporating both. Benetton and Motorola rolled out an elegant line of pagers as â€Å"fashion accessories.† The cross-promotional partners' vision is to make the humble pager a fashion statement, with customers wearing matching clothing and pagers on their belts. Motorola persuaded Benetton to license its name and provide â€Å"creative consultation† to Motorola's paging division, which manufactures the new devices. Motorola Pagers, in colours ranging from â€Å"raspberry purple† to â€Å"buttermilk† will be advertised on Benetton models will have the United Colours of Benetton slogan stamped on them, which both gives Motorola and Benetton an advertisement, is called moving advertisement in the China. 6.1) Master card international and Motorola alliance MasterCard International and Motorola companies announced that each would commit resources in a joint effort to make m-commerce a reality for consumers worldwide. Motorola and MasterCard will collaborate on continuing research and development projects to assure interoperability between MasterCard's electronic payment systems and Motorola's wireless Internet devices and platforms. The two companies plan to develop next-generation m-commerce technologies that support the initiatives of the newly formed Global Mobile Commerce Interoperability Group (GMCIG), of which both companies are key members. The alliance also includes cooperation on a number of key initiatives to promote the benefits of m-commerce to consumers through joint marketing activities. The companies also plan to work together to adapt existing, intelligent payment systems for the mobile environment. These systems include MasterCard M/Chip(tm), its chip-based integrated credit/debit system, and Mondex(tm), MasterCard's chip-based electronic cash payment system. Motorola's alliance with MasterCard will enable Motorola to work closely with MasterCard's 22,000 member financial institutions. As a result, Motorola expects to realize continued improvements in the capabilities and functionality of its existing wireless Internet devices and platforms. Both companies also will benefit from the respective experience, leadership and brand recognition of the other – Motorola with its reputation as a global communications leader and pioneer of the wireless Internet, and MasterCard as the most widely-accepted electronic payment brand in the world and a catalyst for the development of m-commerce solutions. 7) List of stakeholders— Motorola China Manufactory & Products: Motorola have a range of products, which include pages, mobile phones, Internet and Internet access products. The integrated electronic system sector, we called them ‘IESS' in Motorola, formally as known as ACCES (automotive, computer and communication components and energy sector), consists as two parts: the energy system group (ESG) and the automotive and industrial electronics group (AIEG). ESG Tannin factory has several SMT assembly lines, with high-precision mounting capability and speed, the factory is capable of producing a wide range of PCB electronics products, to meet the requirements of customers. ESG Tianjin now produces nearly 100 types of batteries of various series for Motorola's company, V series, time port, talk about, two-way radio products and other electronic devices. The Motorola (China) factory is played an important role of Motorola's development strategy. Suppliers: Motorola have about 700 direct supplier or indirect supplier of Motorola China for total 13,000 employees. Distributors: These are the sources for companies to deliver their products throughout the market. The primary distributors are the state funded networks and the larger distributor networks throughout the China. A key government network, sponsored by china mobile, is a key network as it sells and distributes other brands. Another strong channels is companies like Cellstar and bright point which are the world's leading global providers of innovative, value – enhancing logistics services to the wireless communications industry. Another channel outlet is the smaller private exclusive distributorship agreements, which Motorola does not depend heavily on. These partner combinations are important for companies who depend on them to get their products to the ever-expanding market regions. Subscribers: By the year 2003, the Motorola mobile phone subscribes in China will reached 75 million, and the number will go up to 200 million by the year of 2004, but most of the market share will be taken by Motorola. The figure 2 is show in the growth of subscribers. Source: Temple University Customers: as I mentioned above, Motorola (China) separately with different customer user group, every group have their characteristics, we need try to carry out diverse of product design, plan and strategy for those various user group. Employees: Motorola has over 110,000 employees around the world, which Motorola (China) has about 13,000 employees, by the end of last year, Motorola (China) has about 700 managerial staff are Chinese, including about 200 female, which accounts 26% of total number. Government: China government structure plays an interesting role in the assumption that foreign companies will maintain dominance. Retailers: the retail distribution for the mobile phone is severely fragmented, but consolidating with industry growth and expansion. As mentioned previously, because of its dominant position, china mobile serves as a major distributor for mobile phone technology producers. Major department stores and retail outlets provide another key outlets for distribution. There is no one way to get products to consumers, as no one company has access to all of the markets in the nation, so providers must develop relationships with many types of outlets to gain market advantage. This is changing as the larger outlets and suppliers are buying up smaller retailers to consolidate their retail capabilities. 8) Marketing goals For the Motorola marketing goals, I think one of the most significant developments in business in recent years has been rapid growth of international activities. Exporting, foreign direct investment and sourcing of products and components abroad have expanded dramatically. Many firms enter new international markets make their company more competitively and new product growing more quickly. The market entry relates to the easy or difficultly with which a firm can become a member of a group of competing firms by producing a close substitute for the products they are offering. The firms must develop a range of products, assets, marketing strategy and management activities for the new market entered. Motorola will emphasis on facilities to make wireless telecom equipment, mobile phone handsets and semiconductors, it already told the largest investor in China electronics industry. Motorola will carries out a win -win development strategy from beginning and bring idea of taking China as its home and development base, to win the Chinese government and people's heart. Example as: with development over 15 years, Motorola has made a big success in China and been turned into a famous brand. In 2000, Motorola (China) is the leading company of 1,000 high-tech companies by china high-tech enterprise evaluation centre. In 2001, Motorola (China) was the biggest foreign import-export company in China. 8.1) Corporate goals In an effort to retake global market share, Motorola is relying on its long-standing local investments, self-expressive branding campaign, and redesigned products platforms to dominate critical emerging markets. Motorola company would continue to invest all of the proceeds of the company the company made from China in expanding production and China's accession into the world trade organization (WTO) and will sell a half of the company's products on the international market. 9) Case at Motorola pull strategy Motorola will purchase US $10.5 billion of components from the Chinese market and will export more than US $12 billion worth of commodities at 2004. Motorola will be using Japan's most popular 3D graphics technologies in its new mobile phones in an effort to claw back sales from market leader Nokia and rising star Samsung. 3D graphics are expected to be a standard feature on mobile phone handsets, especially. Just as with PCs, mobile devices will soon have separate processors for handling graphics because this eases the main processor's workload and allows more complex and better looking applications to be executed. The 3D games will pull some mobile phone users to upgrade. 9.1)) Motorola push strategy Motorola setting up a new application development centre to promote wireless data services among Chinese networks. The company plans to help local telecommunications operators link up with application developers to offer quality control, engineering and logistics support as well as sales and marketing help. Mobile phone companies worldwide are moving to set up data-oriented 3G networks to boost capacity, improve coverage areas, and offer services such as 2.4-megabit-per-second wireless broadband. The data-oriented services are also expected to help make up for plunging revenue from voice calls. 10) Example of marketing communication mix — Motorola Motorola, the world's second largest wireless phone market, held its 2003 product launch in Shanghai, China, with a line up of handsets clearly meant to appeal to buyers not just on functionality but also stylish. As Motorola has historically been perceived as engineering – driven company and its products have reflected that heritage. While that approach has yield some of the market's hall of frame products – such as the 1996 introducing of the star TAC – today's mobile handset market is increasingly focusing on the youth market, where designs that reflected their style s and ‘personal expression' are key. Motorola's product launch event in China was more that just an opportunity to release its new handsets. It was also a showcase meant to highli9ghtr the company's new mindset and marketing strategy that should help it build market share. The Motorola campaign and the 2003 product line seek to embrace that trend. The 2003 line showed off many evolutionary products, including phones with advanced colour displays, a new 3G phones, and a new technology called ‘haptics' that envelops the user in what is best described as a ‘vibration field' that differs depending on the caller. The new handsets also have a strong focus on picture messaging, with many models offering built-in cameras. The company is also keeping cost and manufacturing efficiencies in perspective. Motorola is increasingly adopting the practice of reusing the same chipset and wrapping different hardware and software ‘skin' around them to offer a different looking g product- build on products and sell it in four different ways, there by appealing to a wider range of audiences. Well, today, handsets are not only tools, there are fashion statements, and something can show with personal styles. Motorola now is appealing to there sense of style, in addition to offering advanced phone features. During that lunch, one thing is clear: this is a company that knows that brand equity and defining the brand are important factors. The 200 analysts and media who attend lunch events – every advertising surface between the airport and the hotel were covered with their ‘hello Motorola ‘ ad campaign. The product rollout was treated like a movie premier – something Motorola would never have done few years ago – featuring Motomodels, Motococktails and have course Motophones. The event clearly showed how management has completely retooled and refocused its product strategy for the better. 11) Motorola's strategy plan As Motorola kept their intimated relationship with Chinese government from the beginning of the time when they entered Chinese market, so Chinese government always is the strongest support for the Motorola (China). > The major investment focus will still be around north China's Tianjin area where it launched it production base in 1980s. It will put over two billion Yuan (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½151 million) on Tianjin based Motorola (China) electronic company with in next five years. > The strategy of Motorola is not to seeking quick money returns, but also has a long-term commitment to the China market. The Motorola (China) will adhere to a principle of introducing the latest technology to Chinese market and continues operate with smooth co-operation with domestic partners in the market. The famous 2+3+3 strategy for the Motorola of Chinese operation, this strategy which include building China into a worldwide manufacturing and R&D base for the telecommunications equipment giant. It includes three new growth areas including semiconductors, broadband and digital trucking systems and three $10 billions goals through 2006. > Local sourcing is an important development rule for Motorola in China. Motorola hope takes part of China economic construction by enforcing this rule and strengthening its co-operation with Chinese enterprise. > Motorola will choosing local company supplier, helping them improving their management, enhancing efficiency and promoting quality regulation system, or even will bring them into contract with foreign regulation system. Example as: in year 2001, Motorola had a RMB13.3 billion purchase from Chinese enterprise, including RMB 3.3 billion by overseas branches of Motorola, the amount which is much high than other foreign companies in China. > For the long-standing Chinese culture and specially background (Chinese government are controlled by the communist party), so that Motorola will choose their management team locally. Example: Motorola offering a huge range of training program for their Chinese employee, by the end of 2001, Motorola has a 767 managerial employees are Chinese, which is account of 26% of the total management number. 12) Localization Knowing that consumer preference in the Chinese market is quite different from that in the US or UK market, Motorola started to localize its product development after the initial poor performance of pure ‘global' strategy. Now Motorola adapts its models to meet the specific demand form local markets rather than simply throw the current products into the market without any adjustment. The R&D centre in China successfully developed software to show the menu in Chinese and input Chinese characters. In 1999, a combination PDA/phone, which was designed by Chinese engineers, was launched in China and spread to the us and European countries. Motorola localization strategy also includes local souring. The company takes initiative in establishing relationships with local suppliers. 7 years ago, 65% of components were imported, while 69% of components are purchased locally now. Local souring brings Motorola three major benefits: lowering manufacturing cost, reducing risks from currency fluctuation, and catering to Chinese government's requirements. 13) Advertising and promotions targeted to market groups According to my analysis above, Motorola has four target customer groups, and there are four sub-brands to respectively target the 4 market segments: time port to heavy user, accompli to technology user, V. to fashion user, and talk about to social-life lovers. Different advertisings and promotions are implemented to target these 4 specific categories, which are show in below: Figure 2. Advertising and promotions targeted to market groups

Methods of Evangelism Essay

The Intellectual Method of Evangelism referred to as â€Å"The Four Spiritual Laws† is best known as the widely used way of evangelism used by the popular college ministry known as Campus Crusade and was first published in 1957 by founder, Bill Bright in a pamphlet titled Have You heard of the four Spiritual Laws? In this publication, Bright simplifies the truths of the Gospel in an attempt to reach as many people as possible. What are known as Biblical truths are delivered as spiritual laws in order to assist people to recognize that just as we are governed by man’s laws on earth, there are also spiritual laws that govern the relationship between God and man. The four spiritual laws are: 1) God loves you; 2) Man is sinful and separated from God; 3) Jesus Christ is God’s only provision for man’s sin and 4) We must individually receive Jesus as Savior and Lord. (Bright, 2007) There are some very obvious advantages in using this method of evangelism. It is s imple and easy to follow and it starts off on a very positive note by explaining God’s love for mankind rather than addressing the sinful state that all of mankind is in before accepting Christ. Each point also has Scripture references to emphasis or proves that the laws are from God himself. The Four Spiritual Laws has been wildly successful in winning souls for Christ and the publication itself has sold over one hundred million copies and has been translated into all the major languages of the world making it a readily available resource for an evangelism tool. (Moo, 2002) There are however several disadvantages in choosing to use this method of evangelism. By electing to start these laws out on a positive note and addressing God’s love for mankind first instead of the sinfulness and our need of a Savior, one may get the false impression that he does not need to be saved. In addition with the references to scripture being taken out of context of could easily misunderstand the true meaning. One such example would be the first law, â€Å"God loves you† and the referenced Scripture John 3:16 and John 10:10. While God does love everyone, these Scriptures taken out of context fail to show that it is God’s nature and one of His  attributes to love us. And the recipient of the word may not understand that a loving God will still judge people for their worldly sins. The main concern with the Four Spiritual Laws is that although this pamphlet although Biblically correct mentions that a person can receive Christ through prayer. Prayer alone is not how you receive Christ. Prayer combined with Faith is what it takes to have a true conversion. (Robert H. Mounce, The Book of Revelation Revised, The New International Commentary on the New Testament, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1977, 113.) Servant Evangelism The Relational Method of Evangelism referred to as Servant Evangelism is based on the ideal that Christians are to reach others by love, compassion and service while embracing a kind heart and a generous attitude along with a loving smile. The motivation that fuels servant evangelism is Jesus, himself especially when he was speaking to His disciples from the scriptures in Matthew Chapter 25 where he tell them that they are to feed the hungry, cloth and shelter the homeless, take care of the sick and visit those in prison as if they were serving Jesus. Servant evangelism is more about ‘doing’ the message of the Gospel than speaking it and drawing people to Christ through those actions. (Tarjanyi, 2013) There are some strong advantages to this sort of evangelism as the perception that non-Christians may have of Christianity may be altered and they may be more willing to remember a more positive image rather than negative one. The focus shifts to the selfless acts of compas sion and service they see these Christians performing in the name of Jesus. Many non-believers that witness Christians performing acts of service are very willing to acknowledge that there must be some other power that drives the Christian to do so. This opening can lead as an avenue to lead a person to Christ. On the other hand, by meeting the physical needs of a lost person and not addressing what may be causing those needs (which could easily be a sinful nature), one may run a risk of never reaching that individual for Christ. This is a definite disadvantage of servant evangelism. At all times, the servant must remain focused just like Jesus did and always turn the needs towards God and draw those in need to the real answer to all their needs. It can become very easy to get consumed with meeting needs and lose focus of the true mission which is to lead people a step closer to God. Evangelism Explosion Evangelism Explosion is a method of evangelism in which the leaders indicate that their principles are drawn directly from the Bible. This method is highly organized and is designed around the focal point â€Å"training those won to the Lord to win, and train, others†. (Davis, 2010) the technique utilizes a series of direct confrontational questions which emphasize a key point of the Gospel and the non-Christian is challenged to respond. Questions like, â€Å"Do you know for sure you are going to be with God in Heaven† or â€Å"If God asked you , ‘Why should God let you into Heaven?’ what would you say† are posed and the goal is to get the non-believer to open their mind and heart up to the Gospel message. There is a two-fold advantage to this approach of evangelism. First, this type of evangelism can place a direct challenge on the Christian to become more active in their own community and this aspect of evangelism makes Christians become very good at communicating the Gospel message effectively. The second advantage is that this approach directly confronts the non-believer with their sinful state and refuses to allow them any way to escape the salvation message. The non-Christian cannot dismiss Jesus as their moral teacher. They are left to decide if they will accept Him as Savior. The disadvantages of this confrontational method are also two-fold. Some may say that these sorts of trainings can become too rehearsed and sound memorized and scripted instead of from the heart. This may turn a non-Christian off to hearing the Gospel. The other issue is that the high pressure nature of the question and answer session may produce false converts. The process of going through a premeditated dialogue can leave much open to be criticized by many. Application of These Methods to Your Own Life The method of evangelism that works best for me is Servant Evangelism. Although I do see that there may be several responsibilities that are also attached to this approach, this is the best way that I have been able to be the actual hands and feet of Jesus to a lost and hurting world that may otherwise not be open to hearing the Gospel message. After reading and researching many of the other techniques, I find that servanthood best suits me. As we read in 1 Corinthians Chapter 12, God gifts us each uniquely. I feel that the service is a gift. Not everyone can serve with a grateful  heart. Servant Evangelism is how the Lord reached me and I am sure that impact is part of the reason I have such a deep connection to this technique. Matthew 25 has been adopted as my family’s scripture verse and is the basis of our family mission statement. I was once a ‘least of these’ and I will never forget how the Lord reached down and saved me. Telling people about what God is doing in my life is the greatest joy I have ever found. For the people God has placed in my life, servant evangelism is the perfect way to ‘show’ them the Gospel message. I am an active member of an international prison ministry. Time and time again, I have heard the participants on our retreats say that â€Å"people just don’t do these things†. I also get the privilege of serving special needs children and adults as well as traveling with a ministry that visits churches that are in conflict or struggling and every time the people see the people of God come together to serve, not out of our own power but from God’s power. It makes a great impact on many lives. I could not imagine living a life that was not in service to others. References BIBLIOGRAPHY Beale, G.K. The Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999. The new Greek Testament Commentary. Bright, Bill. Have You Heard of the Four Spiritual Laws? Peachtree City: Campus Crusade, 2007. Davis, James D. â€Å"THE BASICS OF EVANGELISM EXPLOSION.† Sun Sentinel 25 June 2010 (updated): 4D. Judy, Tarjanyi. â€Å"Simple Acts of ‘Servant Evangelism’ Create Atmosphere for Church Growth.† Austin American Statesman 8 April 1995: E.1. CMG Corporate Services, Inc of behalf of itself and the Newspapers. Moo, Douglas J. Encountering the Book of Romans: A Theological Survey. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2002.